Operational vehicle quality measures are an important element used to evaluate the performance of transport services. In practice, there are many methods involved in the operational evaluation of vehicles. They are characterized in this article. Artificial Intelligence methods, especially artificial neural networks, can also be successfully used for this purpose, and especially when deciding on quality assessment processes for machines, including motor vehicles. The use of methods to support decision-making based on facts is extremely important for the credibility and objectivity of the evaluation. These methods can also be used in relation to the use of vehicles in the assessment of transport services. The article presents the method of using artificial neural networks for the operational evaluation of vehicles used in freight transport services. The basis for the verification of the method was an experimental research carried out at a company making dairy products, cooperating with transport companies, supplying products for the production process. The results obtained from the operation of vehicles from the studied companies have confirmed, at the probability level of 99%, high efficiency of the proposed method in evaluating transport services using operational vehicle quality measures.