RESEARCH PAPER
Simulation analysis of electric vehicles energy consumption in driving tests
1
Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport Poznan University of Technology ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
Publication date: 2020-03-31
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability 2020;22(1):130-137
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The assessment of energy flow through electric vehicle systems makes estimating their energy consumption possible. The article
presents analyzes of the energy consumption of electric vehicles in selected driving tests (NEDC, WLTC and in real traffic conditions – RDC test) in relation to the vehicles different curb weight. The use of electric motors was also analyzed, providing their
operating ranges, data of the energy flow in batteries and the change in their charge level. Simulation tests and analyzes were
carried out using the AVL Cruise software. It was found that despite similar vehicle energy consumption values in NEDC and
RDC testing, there are significant differences in energy flow in vehicle subsystems. The changes in the battery charge level per
100 km of test drive are similar in both the WLTC and RDC tests (6% difference); for the NEDC test, this difference is the greatest at 25% (compared to the previous tests). The energy consumption of electric vehicles depends significantly on the test itself;
the values obtained in the tests are in the ranges of 10.1–13.5 kWh/100 km (NEDC test); 13–15 kWh/100 km (WLTC test) and
12.5–16.2 kWh/100 km in the RDC test. The energy consumption values in the NEDC and WLTC tests, compared to the RDC test,
are approximately 20% and 10% lower, respectively. Increasing the vehicle mass increases the energy consumption (increasing
the vehicle mass by 100 kg was found to increase the energy consumption by 0.34 kWh/100 km).
REFERENCES (20)
1.
Basso R, Kulcsár B, Egardt B, Lindroth P, Sanchez-Diaz I. Energy consumption estimation integrated into the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2019; 69: 141–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
2.
Davidov S, Pantoš M. Planning of electric vehicle infrastructure based on charging reliability and quality of service. Energy 2017; 118: 1156–1167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ener....
3.
European Commission. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light-commercial vehicles as part of the Union's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from LDVs. Brussels, 8.11.2017, SWD(2017) 650 final. ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/transport/vehicles/docs/swd_2017_650_p1_en.pdf.
4.
Fontaras G, Zacharof N-G, Ciuffo B. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe – Laboratory versus real-world emissions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2017; 60: 97–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs....
5.
IEA, Global EV Outlook 2019. IEA, Paris, www.iea.org/publications/reports/globalevoutlook2019.
6.
Kurtyka K, Pielecha J. The evaluation of exhaust emission in RDE tests including dynamic driving conditions. Transportation Research Procedia 2019; 40: 338–345, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpr....
7.
Langbroek J H M, Cebecauer M, Malmsten J, Franklin J P, Susilo Y O, Georén P. Electric vehicle rental and electric vehicle adoption. Research in Transportation Economics 2019; 73: 72–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retr....
8.
Merkisz J, Pielecha J, Radzimirski S. New trends in emission control in the European Union. Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic 2014; 4: 170, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
9.
Micari S, Polimeni A, Napoli G, Andaloro L, Antonucci V. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning in a road network. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 80: 98–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser....
10.
Muzi N. New car CO2 standards: Is the job of securing electric cars in Europe done? Transport & Environment 2019. www.transportenvironment.org.
11.
Pavlovic J, Marotta A, Ciuffo B. CO2 emissions and energy demands of vehicles tested under the NEDC and the new WLTP type approval test procedures. Applied Energy 2016; 177: 661–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
12.
Pielecha I, Cieslik W, Szalek A. Operation of electric hybrid drive systems in varied driving conditions. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and Reliability 2018; 20 (1): 16–23, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
13.
Pielecha I, Cieslik W, Szalek A. Operation of hybrid propulsion systems in conditions of increased supply voltage. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 2017; 18: 1633–1639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541....
14.
PSPA, 2019. Licznik elektromobilności. Polskie Stowarzyszenie Paliw Alternatywnych. pspa.com.pl.
15.
Sun B, Zhang T, Ge W, Tan C, Gao S. Driving energy management of front-and-rear-motor-drive electric vehicle based on hybrid radial basis function. Archives of Transport 2019; 49 (1): 47–58, https://doi.org/10.5604/01.300....
16.
Tsokolis D, Tsiakmakis S, Dimaratos A, Fontaras G, Pistikopoulos P, Ciuffo B, Samaras Z. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars over the New Worldwide Harmonized Test Protocol. Applied Energy 2016; 179: 1152–1165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
17.
Wei Z, Xu Z, Halim D. Study of HEV power management control strategy based on driving pattern recognition. Energy Procedia 2016; 88: 847–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyp....
18.
Wu W, Freese D, Cabrera A, Kitch W A. Electric vehicles’ energy consumption measurement and estimation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2015; 34: 52–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
19.
Xie L, Luo Y, Zhang D, Chen R, Li K. Intelligent energy-saving control strategy for electric vehicle based on preceding vehicle movement. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2019; 130: 484–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymss....
20.
Zhang S, Gajpal Y, Appadoo S S, Abdulkader M M S. Electric vehicle routing problem with recharging stations for minimizing energy consumption. International Journal of Production Economics 2018; 203: 404–413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe....
CITATIONS (21):
1.
Study of energy consumption of a hybrid vehicle in real-world conditions
Jarosław Mamala, Mariusz Graba, Andrzej Bieniek, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Andrzej Augustynowicz, Michał Śmieja
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
Jarosław Mamala, Mariusz Graba, Andrzej Bieniek, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Andrzej Augustynowicz, Michał Śmieja
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
2.
Energy management system of the hybrid ultracapacitor-battery electric drive vehicles
Ireneusz Pielecha
Archives of Transport
Ireneusz Pielecha
Archives of Transport
3.
Selected maintenance aspects of traction batteries in electric vehicles
Arkadiusz MaJek, Andrzej Niewczas
2020 XII International Science-Technical Conference AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY
Arkadiusz MaJek, Andrzej Niewczas
2020 XII International Science-Technical Conference AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY
4.
CO2 Emission Costs Due to the Production and Use of Vehicles in the Context of Automotive Development
Piotr Wiśniowski, Anna Borucka, Maciej Menes, Andrzej Świderski
Transport and Telecommunication Journal
Piotr Wiśniowski, Anna Borucka, Maciej Menes, Andrzej Świderski
Transport and Telecommunication Journal
5.
Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions
Andrzej Bieniek, Mariusz Graba, Jarosław Mamala, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Krystian Hennek
Combustion Engines
Andrzej Bieniek, Mariusz Graba, Jarosław Mamala, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Krystian Hennek
Combustion Engines
6.
Cooperation of a PEM fuel cell and a NiMH battery at various states of its charge in a FCHEV drive
Ireneusz Pielecha, Filip Szwajca
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
Ireneusz Pielecha, Filip Szwajca
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
7.
Emission of Selected Exhaust Gas Components and Fuel Consumption in Different Driving Cycles
Andrzej Kuranc, Jacek Caban, Branislav Šarkan, Agnieszka Dudziak, Monika Stoma
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina
Andrzej Kuranc, Jacek Caban, Branislav Šarkan, Agnieszka Dudziak, Monika Stoma
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina
8.
Route optimization for city cleaning vehicle
Łukasz Wojciechowski, Tadeusz Cisowski, Arkadiusz Małek
Open Engineering
Łukasz Wojciechowski, Tadeusz Cisowski, Arkadiusz Małek
Open Engineering
9.
Increasing the Theoretical Efficiency of The Spark-Ignition Engine Cycle by Adding Inert Gas at Part-Load
Maciej Paluch, Marcin Noga, Aleksandra Lisowska
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Maciej Paluch, Marcin Noga, Aleksandra Lisowska
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
10.
Evaluation of energy consumption in the acceleration process of a passenger car
Jarosław Mamala, Mariusz Graba, Andrzej Bieniek, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Krystian Hennek, Szymon Kołodziej, Bartosz Mazurek, Maciej Sproch
Combustion Engines
Jarosław Mamala, Mariusz Graba, Andrzej Bieniek, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Krystian Hennek, Szymon Kołodziej, Bartosz Mazurek, Maciej Sproch
Combustion Engines
11.
Exhaust Emissions and Energy Consumption Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles in Real Driving Cycles
Jacek Pielecha, Kinga Skobiej, Karolina Kurtyka
Energies
Jacek Pielecha, Kinga Skobiej, Karolina Kurtyka
Energies
12.
Historical Buildings Potential to Power Urban Electromobility: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Microgrids
Wojciech Cieslik, Filip Szwajca, Sławomir Rosolski, Michał Rutkowski, Katarzyna Pietrzak, Jakub Wójtowicz
Energies
Wojciech Cieslik, Filip Szwajca, Sławomir Rosolski, Michał Rutkowski, Katarzyna Pietrzak, Jakub Wójtowicz
Energies
13.
Analysis of the operating parameters of electric, hybrid, and conventional vehicles on different types of roads
Adriana Skuza, Rafał Jurecki, Emilia Szumska
Open Engineering
Adriana Skuza, Rafał Jurecki, Emilia Szumska
Open Engineering
14.
Evaluation of pollutant emissions from a railbus in real operating conditions during transport work
Łukasz Rymaniak, Sławomir Wisniewski, Krystian Woźniak, Maciej Frankowski
Combustion Engines
Łukasz Rymaniak, Sławomir Wisniewski, Krystian Woźniak, Maciej Frankowski
Combustion Engines
15.
Analysis of passenger car powertrain system measurements in road conditions
Andrzej Bieniek, Mariusz Graba, Jarosław Mamala, Andrzej Augustynowicz, Michał Szczepanek
Combustion Engines
Andrzej Bieniek, Mariusz Graba, Jarosław Mamala, Andrzej Augustynowicz, Michał Szczepanek
Combustion Engines
16.
Prediction of Electric Vehicle Driving Range and Performance Characteristics: A Review on Analytical Modeling Strategies With Its Influential Factors and Improvisation Techniques
Azhaganathan Gurusamy, Bragadeshwaran Ashok, Byron Mason
IEEE Access
Azhaganathan Gurusamy, Bragadeshwaran Ashok, Byron Mason
IEEE Access
17.
The concept of a neural predictive model of changes in range of the electric refrigerated vehicle extended by a knowledge base
Norbert Lech, Piotr Nikończuk, Wojciech Tuchowski
Procedia Computer Science
Norbert Lech, Piotr Nikończuk, Wojciech Tuchowski
Procedia Computer Science
18.
Assessment of pollutant concentrations from a rail vehicle during remote sensing research
Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Maciej Frankowski, Sławomir Wiśniewski, Krystian Woźniak, O. Voznyak
MATEC Web of Conferences
Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Maciej Frankowski, Sławomir Wiśniewski, Krystian Woźniak, O. Voznyak
MATEC Web of Conferences
19.
Two-Wheeled Urban Vehicles—A Review of Emissions Test Regulations and Literature
Natalia Szymlet, Łukasz Rymaniak, Piotr Lijewski
Energies
Natalia Szymlet, Łukasz Rymaniak, Piotr Lijewski
Energies
20.
Electric Vehicle Performance Evaluation Using UDDS, NYCC and WLTP Drive Cycles
Lina Almatrafi, Salma Badaam, Saeed Mian Qaisar
2023 20th Learning and Technology Conference (L&T)
Lina Almatrafi, Salma Badaam, Saeed Mian Qaisar
2023 20th Learning and Technology Conference (L&T)
21.
Management of the Fuel Supply Chain and Energy Security in Poland
Joanna Alicja Dyczkowska, Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski, Waldemar Woźniak, Roman Stryjski
Energies
Joanna Alicja Dyczkowska, Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski, Waldemar Woźniak, Roman Stryjski
Energies
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2956-3860 |
| ISSN: | 1507-2711 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
