The failure of the traction wheel becomes an important factor restricting the efficiency of coal mining. It is an important scientific problem to explore the failure law of the traction wheels affected with axial slip. Therefore, the meshing model of the traction wheel with axial sliding is established. The response properties of axial sliding are analyzed, and the influence of sliding position and axial force is discussed. The results show that the axial fretting sliding reduces the impact contact force on the tooth profile by 50%, but a stress increase of 52 MPa on the tooth surface near the tooth root. The damage on the tooth surface intensifies while the risks of adhesion wear and gluing failure increase, as the increase of load, velocity and meshing error angle. The axial force is more likely to induce forced sliding in the root area. And with the axial driving increase, the forced sliding and its destructiveness aggravate. The results have reference to analyzing meshing properties of traction wheels affected by axial sliding and reducing the shearers’ traction failure.