From an economic perspective, the purchase cost of an electric bus is greater than that of a conventional one. This results from the additional components of the bus drivetrain and the costly charging infrastructure. However, it should be noted that electric bus ensures greener and more sustainable public transport. The presented study focuses on the economic and energy efficiency analysis of city buses with different types of driving system evaluated forselected urban and suburban routes. The routes differ in terms of the number of journeys per day, elevation, the daily distance travelled, and the daily operating time. The results demonstrate that driving conditions can affect economic efficiency. The Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) method used in the study shows that electric buses represent the highest TCO values among the vehicles taken into account. However, for the TCO calculated for electric and hybrid buses, fuel (energy) costs have a much lower share than for the TCO of conventional buses.
REFERENCES(41)
1.
Al-Alawi, BM, Bradley TH. Total cost of ownership, payback, and consumer preference modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Applied Energy 2013; 103: 488-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
Breetz HL, Salon D. Do electric vehicles need subsidies? Ownership costs for conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles in 14 U.S. cities. Energy Policy 2018; 120: 238-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Bubeck S, Tomaschek J, Fahl U. Perspectives of electric mobility: Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles in Germany. Transport Policy 2016; 50: 63-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tran....
Chen, D, Li X, Chen L, Yang L, Tian F, Xu D. Research on simulation of the hybrid electric vehicle based on software ADVISOR. Sensors & Transducers 2014; 171: 68-77, http://www.sensorsportal.com/H....
De Clerck Q, Van Lier T, Messagie M, Macharis C, Van Mierlo J, Vanhaverbeke L. Total Cost for Society: A persona-based analysis of electric and conventional vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018; 64: 90-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
Dobrzycki A, Filipiak M, Jajczyk J. Zasilanie układów ładowania akumulatorów autobusów elektrycznych. Poznań University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering 2017; 92: 25-35, https://doi.org/10.21008/j.189....
Dybalski J. MPK Tarnów has tested the electric bus and lists the vehicle's disadvantages (in Polish). Transport Publiczny 2018, available at: https://www.transport-publiczn....
Gerbec M, Samuel RO, Kontić D. Cost benefit analysis of three different urban bus drive systems using real driving data. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2015; 41: 433-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
Gilmore EA, Lave LB. Comparing resale prices and total cost of ownership for gasoline, hybrid and diesel passenger cars and trucks. Transport Policy 2013; 27: 200-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tran....
Hagman J, Ritzén S, Stier JJ, Susilo Y. Total cost of ownership and its potential implications for battery electric vehicle diffusion. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2016; 18: 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm....
Harvey DLD. Cost and energy performance of advanced light duty vehicles: Implications for standards and subsidies. Energy Policy 2018; 114: 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Hutchinson T, Burgess S, Herrmann G. Current hybrid-electric powertrain architectures: Applying empirical design data to life cycle assessment and whole-life cost analysis. Applied Energy 2014; 119: 314-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
Lajevardi SM, Axsen J, Crawford C. Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2019; 76: 19-55,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
Lebeau K, Lebeau P, Macharis C, Van Mierlo J. How expensive are electric vehicles? A total cost of ownership analysis. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2013; 6(4): 996-1007, http://doi.org/10.3390/wevj604....
Le Duigou A, Smatti A. On the comparison and the complementarity of batteries and fuel cells for electric driving. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014; 39(31): 17873-17883, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhyd....
Letmathe P, Suares M. A consumer-oriented total cost of ownership model for different vehicle types in Germany. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2017; 57: 314-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.....
Lévay ZP, Drossinos Y, Thiel C. The effect of fiscal incentives on market penetration of electric vehicles: A pairwise comparison of total cost of ownership. Energy Policy 2017; 105: 524-533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Markel T, Brooker A, Hendricks T, Johnson V, Kelly K, Kramer B, O’Keefe M, Sprik S, Wipke K. ADVISOR: a systems analysis tool for advanced vehicle modeling. Journal of Power Sources 2002; 110: 255–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-....
Ministry of Development Funds and Regional Policy - The SRD Strategy for Responsible Development for the period up to 2020 (including the perspective up to 2030), 2017. https://www.gov.pl/documents/3....
Nicolaides D, Cebon D, Miles J. An Urban Charging Infrastructure for Electric Road Freight Operations: A Case Study for Cambridge UK. IEEE Systems Journal 2019; 13(2): 2057-2068, http://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2....
Nurhadi L, Borén S, Ny H. A Sensitivity Analysis of Total Cost of Ownership for Electric Public Bus Transport Systems in Swedish Medium Sized Cities. Transportation Research Procedia 2014; 3: 818-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpr....
Offer GJ, Contestabile M, Howey DA, Clague R, Brandon NP. Technoeconomic and behavioural analysis of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid vehicles in a future sustainable road transport system in the UK. Energy Policy 2011; 39: 1939–1950, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Palmer K, Tate JE, Wadud Z, Nellthorp J. Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan. Applied Energy 2018; 209: 108-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
Pawełczyk M, Szumska E. Evaluation of the efficiency of hybrid drive applications in urban transport system on the example of a medium size city. 13th International Conference Modern Electrified Transport – MET’2017, MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 180: 03004, http://doi.org/10.1051/matecco....
Plan on Urban Mobility for City Kielce; ZTM - Kielce Municipal Transport Authority. Polish Chamber of Liquid Fuels: Fuel prices report, available at http://www.paliwa.pl/strona-st....
Propfe B, Redelbach M, Santini DJ, Friedrich H. Cost analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles including Maintenance & Repair Costs and Resale Values. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2012; 5(4): 886-895, https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj50....
Rusich A, Danielis R. Total cost of ownership, social lifecycle cost and energy consumption of various automotive technologies in Italy. Research in Transportation Economics 2015; 50: 3-16, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.retre....
Saxena S, Phadke A, Gopal A. Understanding the fuel savings potential from deploying hybrid cars in China. Applied Energy 2014; 113: 1127-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apen....
Skrúcaný T, Kendra M, Stopka, O, Milojević, S, Figlus, T, Csiszár C. Impact of the Electric Mobility Implementation on the Greenhouse Gases Production in Central European Countries. Sustainability 2019; 11(18): 4948, https://doi.org/10.3390/su1118....
Suarez C, Martinez W. - Fast and Ultra-Fast Charging for Battery Electric Vehicles – A Review. 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 2019; 569-575, https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2....
Szumska E, Jurecki R, Pawełczyk M. Assessment of Total Costs of Ownership for Midsize Passenger Cars with Conventional and Alternative Drive Trains. Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2019; 21(3): 21-27, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C....
Szumska E, Pawełczyk M. TCO comparison for city buses equipped with hybrid and conventional propulsion drive. Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport 2017; 118: 277-285.
Van Velzen A, Annema JA, Van de Kaa G, Van Wee B. Proposing a more comprehensive future total cost of ownership estimation framework for electric vehicles. Energy Policy 2019; 129: 1034-1046, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Van Vliet O, Kruithof T, Turkenburg WC, Faaij APC. Techno-economic comparison of series hybrid, plug-in hybrid, fuel cell and regular cars. Journal of Power Sources 2010; 195: 6570–6585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpow....
Wu G, Inderbitzin A, Bening C. Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles compared to conventional vehicles: A probabilistic analysis and projection across market segments. Energy Policy 2015; 80: 196-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpo....
Wyszomirski O, Wołek M, Jagiełło A, Koniak M, Bartłomiejczyk M, Grzelec K, Gromadzki M. - Electromobility in public transport (in Polish). Polish Development Fund (PFR) 2018.
Different Approaches for a Goal: The Electrical Bus-EMT Madrid as a Successful Case Study Iván López, Pedro Calvo, Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez, Carlos Sierra, Roberto Corchero, Cesar Chacón, Carlos Juan, Daniel Rosas, Francisco Burgos Energies
Comparison of Tender Criteria for Electric and Diesel Buses in Poland—Has the Ongoing Revolution in Urban Transport Been Overlooked? Aleksander Jagiełło, Marcin Wołek, Wojciech Bizon Energies
An environmental life cycle assessment of electric race car: a case study of eVarta B. Ros, J. Selech, J. Kasprzak Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.