Search for Author, Title, Keyword
RESEARCH PAPER
The impact of alcohol admixture with gasoline on carbon build-up and fuel injectors performance
 
More details
Hide details
1
Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute, 31-503 Kraków, Performance Testing Department, ul. Lubicz 25 A, Poland
 
2
Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
 
 
Publication date: 2022-06-30
 
 
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability 2022;24(2):226-236
 
HIGHLIGHTS
  • The effect of adding alcohol to fuels is an increase in the injection time.
  • Alcohol admixtures in fuels affect the geometrical parameters of the fuel spray.
  • The best indicator for assessing admixtures is the fuel spray surface area.
  • The admixture of alcohol into gasoline changes the carbon build-up process on the injector.
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The operating conditions of injectors in spark ignition engines with direct fuel injection make them susceptible to coking, which leads to a reduced quality of fuel atomization. This can be observed by a drop in performance and an increase in exhaust emissions, especially particulate matter. One effective method of reducing injector coking is by using detergentdispersing gasoline additives. The article describes the effect of using an admixture with a varied alcohol content on the quantitative and qualitative fuel atomization indicators. The research consisted of a 48-hour engine test, done in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure (CEC-F-113 test). After each test cycle, the injectors underwent optical tests with the use of an isochoric chamber. The spray penetration and surface area were analyzed at a set of different fuel injection parameter values. The research performed resulted in determining the influence of each tested admixture on the change of injection time and on the geometric indicators of the fuel spray. The obtained characteristics of the engine in operation and conducted stationary tests enabled the operational evaluation of the impact an alcohol admixture with gasoline fuels had on key engine parameters.
 
REFERENCES (36)
1.
Altin O, Eser S. Carbon deposit formation from thermal stressing of petroleum fuels. Preprints of Papers-American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry 2004; 49 (2): 764-766.
 
2.
Aradi AA, Colucci WJ, Scull HM, Openshaw MJ. A study of fuel additives for direct injection gasoline (DIG) injector deposit control. SAE Technical Paper 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-0....
 
3.
Aradi AA., Evans J, Miller K, Hotchkiss A. Direct injection gasoline (DIG) injector deposit control with additives. SAE Technical Paper 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-0....
 
4.
Aradi AA, Hotchkiss A, Imoehl B, Sayar H, Avery NL. The effect of fuel composition, engine operating parameters and additives on injector deposits in a high-pressure direct injection gasoline (DIG) research engine. SAE Technical Paper 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-0....
 
5.
Arters D., Bardasz E, Schiferl E, Fisher D. A comparison of gasoline direct injection part I - fuel system deposits and vehicle performance. SAE Technical Paper 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-0....
 
6.
Arters DC, Macduff MJ. The effect on vehicle performance of injector deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-0....
 
7.
Ashida T, Takei Y, Hosi H. Effects of fuel properties on SIDI fuel injector deposit. SAE Technical Paper 2001, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-0....
 
8.
Bennett J. Additives for spark ignition and compression ignition engine fuels. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2018; 232 (I): 148-158, https://doi.org/10.1177/095440....
 
9.
Cairns A, Todd A, Aleiferis P, Fraser N, Malcolm J. A study of alcohol blended fuels in a unthrottled single cylinder spark ignition engine. SAE Technical Paper 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-0....
 
10.
DuMont RJ, Cunningham LJ, Oliver MK, Studzinski MK, Galante-Fox JM. Controlling induction system deposits in flexible fuel vehicles operating on E85. SAE Technical Paper 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-0....
 
11.
DuMont RJ, Evans JA, Feist DP, Studzinski WM, Cushing TJ. Test and control of fuel injector deposits in direct injected spark ignition vehicles. SAE Technical Paper 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-0....
 
12.
EN 228 - Automotive fuels. Unleaded petrol. Requirements and test methods.
 
13.
Fenkl M, Pechout M, Vojtisek M. N-butanol and isobutanol as alternatives to gasoline: comparison of port fuel injector characteristics. European Physical Journal Web of Conferences 2016; 114, 02021, https://doi.org/10.1051/epjcon....
 
14.
Fraidl GK, Piock WF, Wirth M. Gasoline direct injection: actual trends and future strategies for injection and combustion systems. SAE Technical Paper 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/960465.
 
15.
Fuel Quality Directive 2009/30/EC.
 
16.
Gueit J, Obiols J. Injector fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines - a new test procedure for the evaluation of gasoline additives. SAE Technical Paper 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-0....
 
17.
Harada J. Tomita T, Mizuno H, Mashiki IY. Development of a direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 1997, https://doi.org/10.4271/974054.
 
18.
Henkel S, Hardalupas Y, Taylor A, Conifer C, Cracknell R, Kit Goh T, Reinicke P-B, Sens M, Rieß M. Injector fouling and its impact on engine emissions and spray characteristics in gasoline direct injection engines. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 2017; 10 (2): 287-295, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-0....
 
19.
Kamiński M, Budzyński P, Hunicz J, Józwik J. Evaluation of changes in fuel delivery rate by electromagnetic injectors in a common rail system during simulated operation. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2021; 23 (2): 352-358, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
 
20.
Kano M, Saito K, Basaki M, Matsushita S, Gohno T. Analysis of mixture formation of direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 1998, https://doi.org/10.4271/980157.
 
21.
Kinoshita M, Saito A, Matsushita S, Shibata H, Niwa Y. A method for suppressing formation of deposits on fuel injector for direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-0....
 
22.
Knefel T, Nowakowski J. Model-based analysis of injection process parameters in a common rail fuel supply system. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2020; 22 (1): 94-101, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
 
23.
Lindgren R, Skogsberg M, Sandquist H, Denbratt I. The influence of injector deposits on mixture formation in a DISC SI Engine. SAE Technical Paper 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-0....
 
24.
Pielecha I, Wierzbicki S, Sidorowicz M, Pietras D. Combustion thermodynamics of ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol in a rapid compression machine with a dual direct injection (DDI) supply system. Energies 2021; 14 (2729): 1-20, https://doi.org/10.3390/en1409....
 
25.
Russell M, Cummings J, Cushing T, Studzinski W. Cellulosic ethanol fuel quality evaluation and its effects on PFI intake valve deposits and GDI fuel injector plugging performance. SAE Technical Paper 2013, https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-0....
 
26.
Shuai S, Ma X, Li Y, Qi Y, Xu H. Recent progress in automotive gasoline direct injection engine technology. Automotive Innovation 2018; 1: 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42154....
 
27.
Skogsberg M, Dahlander P, Lindgren R, Denbratt I. Effects of injector parameters on mixture formation for multi-hole nozzles in a sprayguided gasoline DI engine. SAE Technical Paper 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-0....
 
28.
Stępień Z. Types of internal diesel injector deposits and counteracting their formation. Combustion Engines 2015; 163 (4): 79-91, https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-11....
 
29.
Stępień, Z. Deposit in spark ignition engines - formation and threats. Combustion Engines. 2015; 1/(160): 36-48, https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-11....
 
30.
Taniguchi S, Yoshida K, Tsukasaki Y. Feasibility study of ethanol applications to a direct injection gasoline engine. SAE Technical Paper 2007, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-0....
 
31.
Thewes M, Müther M, Brassat A, Pischinger S, Sehr A. Analysis of the effect of bio-fuels on the combustion in a downsized DI SI engine. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 2011; 5 (1): 274-288, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-0....
 
32.
Wallner T, Ickes A, Lawyer K. Analytical assessment of C2-C8 alcohols as spark-ignition engine fuels. Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 191. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-642-33777-2_2.
 
33.
Więcławski K, Mączak J, Szczurowski K. Electric current as a source of information about control parameters of indirect injection fuel injector. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2020; 22 (3): 449-454, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
 
34.
Xu H, Wang C, Ma X, Sarangi AK, Weall A, Krueger-Venus J. Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2015; 50: 63-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs....
 
35.
Yacoub Y, Bata R, Gautam M. The performance and emission characteristics of C1-C5 alcohol-gasoline blends with matched oxygen content in a single-cylinder spark-ignition engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 1998; 212 (5): 363-379, https://doi.org/10.1243/095765....
 
36.
Zhao F, Lai M-C, Harrington DL. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 1999; 25 (5): 437-562, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-....
 
 
CITATIONS (3):
1.
Effects of Ethanol Admixtures with Gasoline on Fuel Atomization Characteristics Using High-Pressure Injectors
Zbigniew Stępień, Ireneusz Pielecha, Filip Szwajca, Wojciech Cieślik
Energies
 
2.
Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors
Ireneusz Pielecha, Zbigniew Stępień, Filip Szwajca, Grzegorz Kinal
Energies
 
3.
Potential of ethanol and butanol in reducing deposits of DISI engine injectors
Ireneusz Pielecha, Filip Szwajca, Zbigniew Stępień
Combustion Engines
 
eISSN:2956-3860
ISSN:1507-2711
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top