The aim of the paper was to search for and study concepts of identifying anomalies in the operation of synchronous belt transmissions. It was assumed that such a system should provide basic data for classical diagnostic purposes, as well as indicators for synchronisation error measurements, and indicators of correlation between parameters of pulley motion as well as vibration and synchronisation error for research purposes. Consideration was given to the possibility of reducing to a minimum the number of measurements necessary to determine the key parameters of the drive system. According to Industry 4.0 standards, the prototype of such system is based on the Industrial Internet of Things. The proposed solution is a multiplatform, integrated information technology, generating data on the basis of various, distributed sources. The system combines standard industrial hardware and software facilities, adjusted to Ethernet-based networking. The expected result was a graphical data representation accessible in digital displays, acquired from computational node (e.g. cloud).