RESEARCH PAPER
Use of emission indicators related to CO2 emissions in the ecological assessment of an agricultural tractor
1
Poznan Univeristy of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Institute of Combustion Engines and Powertrains, ul. Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
2
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ul. Starołęcka 31, 60-963 Poznań, Poland
Publication date: 2021-12-31
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability 2021;23(4):605-611
HIGHLIGHTS
- The dimensionlessness of the emission indicator M, it is possible to compare not only vehicles of the same category, but also of objects of different purposes.
- It is necessary to determine the resistances of the internal combustion engine and take into account their values when determining the torque in tests carried out during the vehicle operation and the work performed by the drive system.
- Increasing the driving speed of the tractor during typical field work from 5 km/h to 15 km/h may have a positive impact on the overall exhaust emission results of toxic compounds
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the proposed proprietary M exhaust emission indicator, which is based on the assumption that CO2 emissions are a measure of the correctness of the combustion process. The measurements were performed using a farm tractor meeting the Tier 3 emission norm, operated in real conditions during plowing work. The tests were carried out for a given land section at three speeds In the analysis of test results, the net engine work was used, as it is carried out in the type approval procedures. When measuring in real operating conditions, the torque read from the OBD system is overstated because it takes into account the engine’s internal resistance. In the analysis of test results, the fuel consumption, emission indicators of gaseous compounds and particulates were determined, and the best conditions for conducting agricultural works were indicated in terms of their impact on the natural environment. The aim of the work is to verify the possibility of determining the emission index for an off-road vehicle and a comparative analysis of its values for various operating parameters of a farm tractor. On this basis, it was found that the lowest values of the M identity were recorded for the test characterized by a vehicle speed of 15 km/h.
REFERENCES (23)
1.
Almén J. Swedish In-Service Testing Programme on Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles. AVL Sweden Certification & Regulation Compliance. 2010.
2.
Anser MK, Apergis N, Syed QR. Impact of economic policy uncertainty on CO2 emissions: evidence from top ten carbon emitter countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021; 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
3.
Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst (AECC). Workshop on Clean Air and Real Driving Emissions. Conference materials of: Motor Transport Institute in Warsaw 2010.
4.
Barlow TJ, Latham S, McCrae IS, Boulter PG. A reference book of driving cycles for use in the measurement of road vehicle emissions. TRL Published Project Report. 2009.
5.
Čupera J, Sedlák P. Design and verification of engine power calculation model using the data of a digital bus built into an agricultural tractor. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 2014; 59(6): 111-120, https://doi.org/10.11118/actau....
6.
Daszkiewicz P, Andrzejewski M. Preliminary analyzes in terms of the possibility of reducing energy consumption by the SM42 locomotive used in track works. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2017; 118(00014), https://doi.org/10.1051/matecc....
7.
Fuc P, Lijewski P, Kurczewski P, Ziolkowski A, Dobrzynski M. The analysis of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from forklifts fueled by diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) obtained under real driving conditions. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2017. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2....
8.
Fuc P, Lijewski P, Ziolkowski A, Dobrzynski M. Development of a method of calculation of energy balance in exhaust systems in terms of energy recovery. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2017; 58431(V008T10A047), https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2....
9.
Fuc P, Lijewski P, Ziolkowski A. Analysis of the CO2, NOx emission and fuel consumption from a heavy-duty vehicle designed for carriage of timber. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2016; 148 (1): 012065, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-8....
10.
Giechaskiel B, Lähde T, Gandi S, Keller S, Kreutziger P, Mamakos A. Assessment of 10-nm particle number (PN) portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for future regulations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020; 17(11):3878, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
11.
International Council on Clean Transportation. European Stage V non-road emission standards. 2016;1-8.
12.
Kuranc A. Exhaust emission test performance with the use of the signal from air flow meter, Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2015; 17 (1): 129-134, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
13.
Lijewski P. Study of exhaust emission from non-road engines. Dissertation, Poznan Univeristy of Technology 2013.
14.
Lijewski P, Fuc P, Dobrzynski M, Markiewicz F. Exhaust emissions from small engines in handheld devices. MATEC Web of Conferences 2017; 118(00016), https://doi.org/10.1051/matecc....
15.
Merkisz J, Lijewski P, Fuc P, Siedlecki M, Weymann S. The use of the PEMS equipment for the assessment of farm fieldwork energy consumption. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2015; 31(6), https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.3....
16.
Merkisz J, Rymaniak Ł. Determining the environmental indicators for vehicles of different categories in relation to CO2 emission based on road tests. Combustion Engines 2017; 56, https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-20....
17.
Merkisz J, Rymaniak L. The assessment of vehicle exhaust emissions referred to CO2 based on the investigations of city buses under actual conditions of operation. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność - Maintenance and Reliability 2017; 19(4): 522-529, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
18.
Merkisz J, Waligorski M, Bajerlein M, Markowski J. Application of the Frequency and JTFA Analyses of the Accompanying Processes for OBD Combustion Process Monitor Design in Turbocharged CI Direct Injection Engines of HDV Non-Road Vehicles. SAE Technical Paper 2011, https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
19.
Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles and repealing Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011.
20.
Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on requirements relating to gaseous and particulate pollutant emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery, amending Regulations (EU) No 1024/2012 and (EU) No 167/2013.
21.
Siedlecki M, Lijewski P, Weymann S. Analysis of tractor particulate emissions in a modified NRSC test after implementing a particulate filter in the exhaust system. MATEC Web of Conferences 2017; 118( 00028), https://doi.org/10.1051/matecc....
22.
Warguła Ł, Kukla M, Lijewski P, Dobrzyński M, Markiewicz F. Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas. Energies 2020; 13(13): 3330, https://doi.org/10.3390/en1313....
CITATIONS (11):
1.
Use of toxicity indicators related to CO2 emissions in the ecological assessment of an two-wheel vehicle
Natalia Szymlet, Michalina Kamińska, Piotr Lijewski, Łukasz Rymaniak, Przemysław Tutak
Combustion Engines
Natalia Szymlet, Michalina Kamińska, Piotr Lijewski, Łukasz Rymaniak, Przemysław Tutak
Combustion Engines
2.
The comparative analysis of catalytic properties of Group 11 elements in NOx reduction by hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen
Stanisław Kruczyński, Piotr Orliński, Marcin Ślęzak
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
Stanisław Kruczyński, Piotr Orliński, Marcin Ślęzak
Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability
3.
Diagnosis of the Pneumatic Wheel Condition Based on Vibration Analysis of the Sprung Mass in the Vehicle Self-Diagnostics System
Krzysztof Prażnowski, Jarosław Mamala, Adam Deptuła, Anna Deptuła, Andrzej Bieniek
Sensors
Krzysztof Prażnowski, Jarosław Mamala, Adam Deptuła, Anna Deptuła, Andrzej Bieniek
Sensors
4.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Waste Biodiesel Combustion
Jacek Wasilewski, Paweł Krzaczek, Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz, Grzegorz Zając, Adam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Weronika Marcinkowska
Energies
Jacek Wasilewski, Paweł Krzaczek, Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz, Grzegorz Zając, Adam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Weronika Marcinkowska
Energies
5.
Assessment of pollutant concentrations from a rail vehicle during remote sensing research
Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Maciej Frankowski, Sławomir Wiśniewski, Krystian Woźniak, O. Voznyak
MATEC Web of Conferences
Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Maciej Frankowski, Sławomir Wiśniewski, Krystian Woźniak, O. Voznyak
MATEC Web of Conferences
6.
Two-Wheeled Urban Vehicles—A Review of Emissions Test Regulations and Literature
Natalia Szymlet, Łukasz Rymaniak, Piotr Lijewski
Energies
Natalia Szymlet, Łukasz Rymaniak, Piotr Lijewski
Energies
7.
Modelling CO2 Emissions from Vehicles Fuelled with Compressed Natural Gas Based on On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Tests
Maksymilian Mądziel
Energies
Maksymilian Mądziel
Energies
8.
Refining Combustion Dynamics: Dissolved Hydrogen in Diesel Fuel within Turbulent-Flow Environments
Maciej Bajerlein, Wojciech Karpiuk, Beata Kurc, Rafał Smolec, Marek Waligórski
Energies
Maciej Bajerlein, Wojciech Karpiuk, Beata Kurc, Rafał Smolec, Marek Waligórski
Energies
9.
The use of dimethyl ether (DME) solution in compression ignition engine
Rafał Smolec, Wojciech Karpiuk, Maciej Bajerlein, Marek Waligórski, Paweł Kril
Combustion Engines
Rafał Smolec, Wojciech Karpiuk, Maciej Bajerlein, Marek Waligórski, Paweł Kril
Combustion Engines
10.
High-Capacity Energy Storage Devices Designed for Use in Railway Applications
Krystian Woźniak, Beata Kurc, Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Piotr Pielecha, Jakub Sobczak
Energies
Krystian Woźniak, Beata Kurc, Łukasz Rymaniak, Natalia Szymlet, Piotr Pielecha, Jakub Sobczak
Energies
11.
Determination of Greenhouse Gases Emitted by Machine-Tractor Unit by Fuel Consumption
Evgeni Kehayov, Karlis Pigoznis, Georgi Stanchev, Georgi Komitov
2024 5th International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES)
Evgeni Kehayov, Karlis Pigoznis, Georgi Stanchev, Georgi Komitov
2024 5th International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES)
| eISSN: | 2956-3860 |
| ISSN: | 1507-2711 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
