RESEARCH PAPER
The Method for Selecting the Best Anti-graffiti Protective Coating for Railway Vehicles
1
College of Management and Quality Sciences, Krakow University of Economics, Poland
2
F.H. BARWA Jarosław Czajkowski, Poland
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Poland
4
Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Poland
Submission date: 2026-02-09
Final revision date: 2026-03-20
Acceptance date: 2026-05-15
Online publication date: 2026-06-02
Corresponding author
Marek Kozień
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864, Kraków, Poland
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864, Kraków, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the problem of vandalized graffiti damaging walls, facades, and railway carriages has been growing worldwide. This problem primarily affects users of historic buildings and railways. The article addresses the problems of removing graffiti from railway carriages, which has a significant impact on their exploitation and additional costs. To preserve or limit possible vandalism, special anti-graffiti coatings are used. Several types of coatings are typically available on the market for specific practical applications. This article presents an original, quantitative, easy-to-use, and universal method for determining the best coverage among those considered, taking into account the user-defined essential characteristics that the coating should meet and their importance (weight). The following parameters were chosen: adhesion, nanohardness, hardness, total surface energy, erosion resistance, corrosion rate, and material price. The method's application was demonstrated by comparing four anti-graffiti coatings from two manufacturers.
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