RESEARCH PAPER
Tests of pulse interference from lightning discharges occurring in unmanned aerial vehicle housings made of carbon fibers.
1
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
2
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-04-16
Final revision date: 2024-08-09
Acceptance date: 2024-10-01
Online publication date: 2024-10-07
Publication date: 2024-10-07
Corresponding author
Paweł Szczupak
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, W.Pola 2, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, W.Pola 2, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability 2025;27(1):193984
HIGHLIGHTS
- The carbon fiber structure causes additional signal interference.
- A carbon fiber casing does not provide good protection against the effects of LEMP.
- The signal inside the housing for low frequencies is amplified.
- The impact signal passing through the carbon fiber undergoes significant dispersion.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The Aim of the study was to determine the effect of a carbon fiber enclosure on overvoltages induced in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) circuits. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is characterized by a heterogeneous structure and a thorough analysis of its impact on the LEMP (Lightning ElectroMagnetic Pulse) protection of UAVs is crucial for the further development of such machines. The shorter the distance, the greater the amplitude of the EMP, the greater the value of the surges. Their maximum value determines the safe zone. This distance can be reduced by using an enclosure that can absorb or dissipate EMP. The tested object was placed between a large capacitor plates, which ensured the uniformity of the field. This article presents new results of tests on the CFRP shielding effectiveness against the electrical component of atmospheric discharge. Using described below method, an increase in the signal amplitude inside the box was achieved in relation to the input signal, thus strengthening it instead of suppressing it.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Research funding by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland: Maintain the research potential of the discipline of automation, electronics, electrical engineering and space technologies.
REFERENCES (31)
1.
Knysh BP, Brovko PV, Popil DS. The classification of the certain types of the unmanned aerial vehicles. Int Periodic Sci J Modern Eng Innov Technol Heutiges Ingenieurwesen Innov Technol. 2017;2(1):34-39.
2.
Army Technology. Bayraktar TB2 Tactical UAV. Available from: https://www.army-technology.co... [accessed 30.06.2023].
3.
Azarov AV, Antonov FK, Golubev MV, Khaziev AR, Ushanov SA. Composite 3D printing for the small size unmanned aerial vehicle structure. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019;169:157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
4.
Goh GD, Agarwala S, Goh GL, Dikshit V, Sing SL, Yeong WY. Additive manufacturing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): Challenges and potential. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2017;63:140-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.....
5.
ElFaham MM, Mostafa AM, Nasr GM. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufacturing materials: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Journal of Molecular Structure. 2020;1201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mols....
6.
Unde PD, Ghodke R. Investigations of delamination in GFRP material cutting using abrasive waterjet machining. In Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Material in Mechanical, Aeronautical and Production Techniques MAPT. 2015;6-9.
7.
Simsiriwong J, Sullivan RW. Experimental vibration analysis of a composite UAV wing. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures. 2012;19(1-3):196-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/153764....
8.
Karataş MA, Gökkaya H. A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials. Defence Technology. 2018;14(4):318-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2....
9.
Szymczak T, Kowalewski ZL. Strength tests of polymer-glass composite to evaluate its operational suitability for ballistic shield plates. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność. 2021;22(4):592-600. https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2....
10.
Fouladgar J, Wasselynck G, Trichet D. Shielding and Reflecting Effectiveness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory. Hiroshima, Japan; 2013. p. 104-107.
11.
Munalli D, Dimitrakis G, Chronopoulos D, Greedy S, Long A. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of carbon fibre reinforced composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019;173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
12.
Więckowski TW, Janukiewicz JM. Methods For Evaluating The Shielding Effectiveness of Textiles. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. 2006;14(5):18-22.
13.
United States Department of Defense. Attenuation measurements for enclosures, electromagnetic shielding, for electronic test purposes, method of. MIL-STD-285. 1956.
14.
IEEE Standard 299.1. Method for Measuring the Shielding Effectiveness of Enclosures and Boxes Having all Dimensions Between 0.1 M and 2 M. 2013.
15.
Mikinka E, Siwak M. Recent advances in electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer composites—a topical review. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2021;32:24585–24643. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854....
16.
Rosiński A, Paś J, Białek K, Wetoszka P. Method for Assessing Reliability of the Power Supply System for Electronic Security Systems of Intelligent Buildings Taking Into Account External Natural Interference. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability. 2024;26(1). https://doi.org/10.17531/ein/1....
17.
Kossowski T, Szczupak P. Laboratory Tests of the Resistance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to the Normalized near Lightning Electrical Component. Energies. 2023;16(13):4900. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1613....
18.
RTCA DO-160. Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment; Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics:Washington, DC, USA, 2010.
19.
EN 62305-1:2011. Lightning Protection—Part 1; BSI Standards Publication: London, UK, 2011.
20.
EN 61000-4-5:2014-10. Electromagnetic Compability (EMC)—Part 4–5: Methods of Research and Measurement—Shock Resistance Test. London: BSI Standards Publication; 2014.
21.
MIL - STD - 461 F. Department of Defense Interface Standard Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment. 2007.
22.
Callegari RHM, Pissolato Filho J, De Araujo R. Simulation of indirect effects caused by lightning strikes in aeronautical structures. In: 2021 35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA), Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2021, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627492.
23.
Gao RX, et al. Electromagnetic Characterization and Measurement of Conductive Aircraft CFRP Composite for Lightning Protection and EMI Shielding. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2023;72:1-11. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2023.3325509.
24.
Yesmin N, Chalivendra V. Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminated Composites with Multi-Scale Reinforcements. J. Compos. Sci. 2021;5:204. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs508....
25.
Kossowski T, Szczupak P. Identification of Lightning Overvoltage in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Energies. 2022;15(18):6609. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1518....
26.
SAE International. Aircraft Lightning Environment and Related Test Waveforms. Revision A, 2005.
27.
Shivamurthy B, HK S, Prabhu NN, Prabhu PM, Selvam R. CFRP hybrid composites manufacturing and electromagnetic wave shielding performance—a review. Cogent Eng. 2024;11(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/233119....
28.
Coskun Y. The impact of orientation angle and number of layers on electromagnetic shielding characteristics of carbon fiber composites. J Innov Sci Eng. 2022;6(2):190-200.
29.
Ganguly S, Bhawal P, Ravindren R, Das NC. Polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding: A review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2018;18(11):7641-7669. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.20....
30.
González M, Pozuelo J, Baselga J. Electromagnetic shielding materials in GHz range. Chem Rec. 2018;18(7-8):1000-1009. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.20....
31.
Hong J, Xu P, Xia H, Xu Z, Ni QQ. Electromagnetic interference shielding anisotropy enhanced by CFRP laminated structures. Compos Sci Technol. 2021;203:108616. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comp....
| eISSN: | 2956-3860 |
| ISSN: | 1507-2711 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
