RESEARCH PAPER
The operation of electric buses by considering changes to the energy production structure in Poland.
1
Politechnika Śląska, Poland
A – Conceptualization; B – Methodology; C – Software; D – Validation; E – Formal analysis; F – Investigation; G – Resources; H – Data curation; I – Writing – original draft; J – Writing – review & editing; K – Visualization; L – Supervision; M – Project administration; N – Funding acquisition
Submission date: 2026-04-23
Final revision date: 2026-06-26
Acceptance date: 2026-10-02
Online publication date: 2026-10-11
KEYWORDS
greenhouse gas emissionselectric buseslife cycle assessment methodpublic bus transportmaintenance of bus
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This article provides a discussion on the results of the author’s in-house study on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated over the life cycle of the electric buses (BEV) used in Poland’s public transport services. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was employed to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions. The relevant changes to the energy mix, assumed in line with the electricity generation projections for Poland by 2040, have caused a drop in the average greenhouse gas emissions from electric buses in the consecutive years. For the energy mix envisaged for the years 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2040, being the source of the electricity consumed to charge batteries of electric buses, a decline in the mean emissions by 5%, 13.5%, 30%, and 39%, respectively, can be observed in comparison with the 2022 energy mix. Additionally, the article describes an original model for assessing the greenhouse gas emissions from electric buses which enables the GHG emissions to be studied with reference to various sources of electric energy.
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| eISSN: | 2956-3860 |
| ISSN: | 1507-2711 |
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